Implanted electrodes deliver electrical stimulation near the spinal cord.
Stimulation aims to support remaining spinal nerve networks.
Specialist assessment precedes surgical implantation.
Medical history and implanted devices affect suitability.
Risks include equipment problems, discomfort, and surgical complications.
Research explores effects on bladder, bowel, breathing, blood pressure, temperature control, and sexual function.
Early studies explore improvements in trunk control, voluntary movement, standing, and walking, often alongside intensive training.
Studies report possible hand-function benefits, mixed effects on spasticity and pain, and modest body-composition changes.
Access and costs reflect its experimental status for SCI function.
